Alpha-glucosidase and DPP-IV inhibitory activities of Indigenous Red Kandhari cow milk fermented by Lactobacillus spp

Abstract

While current research heavily focuses on the bioactive components of bovine milk from European cattle (Bostaurus), limited studies have explored the potential of indigenous cattle (Bosindicus) milk. These milk-derived bioactive components hold vast potential for human nutrition and the management of various lifestyle diseases. Diabetes mellitus (DM), a metabolic disorder marked by elevated blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia), has emerged as a critical healthcare challenge in India. The antidiabetic properties of bioactive peptides are specifically linked to their ability to inhibit alpha-glucosidase and dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV)—the primary enzymes driving Type 2 diabetes. Consequently, this study was designed to leverage the proteolytic activity of Lactobacillus spp. for the production of alpha-glucosidase and DPP-IV inhibitory milk peptides from the milk of Indigenous Red Kandhari cow breed of Marathwada region of Maharashtra. Fermented Red Kandhari cow skim milk prepared by as many 05 strains of Lactobacillus as a single culture was analyzed for peptide content, alpha-glucosidase and DPP-IV enzymes inhibition profiles. Peptide contents (measured by OPA method) were ranged between 2.08 to 2.44 mg of leucine/ml. The alpha-glucosidase and DPP-IV inhibitory activities were found highest in skim milk fermentate with L. helveticus NCDC 292 (31.8 ± 0.12%) and L. bulgaricus NCDC 8 (23.40 ± 0.22%) respectively. The results from this study showed that peptides with α-glucosidase and DPP-IV inhibitory activity can be generated by using Lactobacillus spp. from Red Kandhari cow milk proteins.